#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Perforce Defect Tracking Integration Project
# <http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/p4dti/>
#
# COVERAGE.PY -- COVERAGE TESTING
#
# Gareth Rees, Ravenbrook Limited, 2001-12-04
#
#
# 1. INTRODUCTION
#
# This module provides coverage testing for Python code.
#
# The intended readership is all Python developers.
#
# This document is not confidential.
#
# See [GDR 2001-12-04a] for the command-line interface, programmatic
# interface and limitations. See [GDR 2001-12-04b] for requirements and
# design.
"""Usage:
coverage.py -x MODULE.py [ARG1 ARG2 ...]
Execute module, passing the given command-line arguments, collecting
coverage data.
coverage.py -e
Erase collected coverage data.
coverage.py -r [-m] FILE1 FILE2 ...
Report on the statement coverage for the given files. With the -m
option, show line numbers of the statements that weren't executed.
coverage.py -a [-d dir] FILE1 FILE2 ...
Make annotated copies of the given files, marking statements that
are executed with > and statements that are missed with !. With
the -d option, make the copies in that directory. Without the -d
option, make each copy in the same directory as the original.
Coverage data is saved in the file .coverage by default. Set the
COVERAGE_FILE environment variable to save it somewhere else."""
import os
import re
import string
import sys
import types
# 2. IMPLEMENTATION
#
# This uses the "singleton" pattern.
#
# The word "morf" means a module object (from which the source file can
# be deduced by suitable manipulation of the __file__ attribute) or a
# filename.
#
# When we generate a coverage report we have to canonicalize every
# filename in the coverage dictionary just in case it refers to the
# module we are reporting on. It seems a shame to throw away this
# information so the data in the coverage dictionary is transferred to
# the 'cexecuted' dictionary under the canonical filenames.
#
# The coverage dictionary is called "c" and the trace function "t". The
# reason for these short names is that Python looks up variables by name
# at runtime and so execution time depends on the length of variables!
# In the bottleneck of this application it's appropriate to abbreviate
# names to increase speed.
# A dictionary with an entry for (Python source file name, line number
# in that file) if that line has been executed.
c = {}
# t(f, x, y). This method is passed to sys.settrace as a trace
# function. See [van Rossum 2001-07-20b, 9.2] for an explanation of
# sys.settrace and the arguments and return value of the trace function.
# See [van Rossum 2001-07-20a, 3.2] for a description of frame and code
# objects.
def t(f, x, y):
c[(f.f_code.co_filename, f.f_lineno)] = 1
return t
the_coverage = None
class coverage:
error = "coverage error"
# Name of the cache file (unless environment variable is set).
cache_default = ".coverage"
# Environment variable naming the cache file.
cache_env = "COVERAGE_FILE"
# A map from canonical Python source file name to a dictionary in
# which there's an entry for each line number that has been
# executed.
cexecuted = {}
# Cache of results of calling the analysis() method, so that you can
# specify both -r and -a without doing double work.
analysis_cache = {}
# Cache of results of calling the canonical_filename() method, to
# avoid duplicating work.
canonical_filename_cache = {}
def __init__(self):
global the_coverage
if the_coverage:
raise self.error, "Only one coverage object allowed."
self.cache = os.environ.get(self.cache_env, self.cache_default)
self.restore()
self.analysis_cache = {}
def help(self, error=None):
if error:
print error
print
print __doc__
sys.exit(1)
def command_line(self):
import getopt
settings = {}
optmap = {
'-a': 'annotate',
'-d:': 'directory=',
'-e': 'erase',
'-h': 'help',
'-i': 'ignore-errors',
'-m': 'show-missing',
'-r': 'report',
'-x': 'execute',
}
short_opts = string.join(map(lambda o: o[1:], optmap.keys()), '')
long_opts = optmap.values()
options, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], short_opts,
long_opts)
for o, a in options:
if optmap.has_key(o):
settings[optmap[o]] = 1
elif optmap.has_key(o + ':'):
settings[optmap[o + ':']] = a
elif o[2:] in long_opts:
settings[o[2:]] = 1
elif o[2:] + '=' in long_opts:
settings[o[2:]] = a
else:
self.help("Unknown option: '%s'." % o)
if settings.get('help'):
self.help()
for i in ['erase', 'execute']:
for j in ['annotate', 'report']:
if settings.get(i) and settings.get(j):
self.help("You can't specify the '%s' and '%s' "
"options at the same time." % (i, j))
args_needed = (settings.get('execute')
or settings.get('annotate')
or settings.get('report'))
action = settings.get('erase') or args_needed
if not action:
self.help("You must specify at least one of -e, -x, -r, "
"or -a.")
if not args_needed and args:
self.help("Unexpected arguments %s." % args)
if settings.get('erase'):
self.erase()
if settings.get('execute'):
if not args:
self.help("Nothing to do.")
sys.argv = args
self.start()
import __main__
sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
execfile(sys.argv[0], __main__.__dict__)
if not args:
args = self.cexecuted.keys()
ignore_errors = settings.get('ignore-errors')
show_missing = settings.get('show-missing')
directory = settings.get('directory=')
if settings.get('report'):
self.report(args, show_missing, ignore_errors)
if settings.get('annotate'):
self.annotate(args, directory, ignore_errors)
def start(self):
sys.settrace(t)
def stop(self):
sys.settrace(None)
def erase(self):
global c
c = {}
self.analysis_cache = {}
self.cexecuted = {}
if os.path.exists(self.cache):
os.remove(self.cache)
# save(). Save coverage data to the coverage cache.
def save(self):
self.canonicalize_filenames()
cache = open(self.cache, 'wb')
import marshal
marshal.dump(self.cexecuted, cache)
cache.close()
# restore(). Restore coverage data from the coverage cache (if it
# exists).
def restore(self):
global c
c = {}
self.cexecuted = {}
if not os.path.exists(self.cache):
return
try:
cache = open(self.cache, 'rb')
import marshal
cexecuted = marshal.load(cache)
cache.close()
if isinstance(cexecuted, types.DictType):
self.cexecuted = cexecuted
except:
pass
# canonical_filename(filename). Return a canonical filename for the
# file (that is, an absolute path with no redundant components and
# normalized case). See [GDR 2001-12-04b, 3.3].
def canonical_filename(self, filename):
if not self.canonical_filename_cache.has_key(filename):
f = filename
if os.path.isabs(f) and not os.path.exists(f):
f = os.path.basename(f)
if not os.path.isabs(f):
for path in [os.curdir] + sys.path:
g = os.path.join(path, f)
if os.path.exists(g):
f = g
break
cf = os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(f))
self.canonical_filename_cache[filename] = cf
return self.canonical_filename_cache[filename]
# canonicalize_filenames(). Copy results from "executed" to
# "cexecuted", canonicalizing filenames on the way. Clear the
# "executed" map.
def canonicalize_filenames(self):
global c
for filename, lineno in c.keys():
f = self.canonical_filename(filename)
if not self.cexecuted.has_key(f):
self.cexecuted[f] = {}
self.cexecuted[f][lineno] = 1
c = {}
# morf_filename(morf). Return the filename for a module or file.
def morf_filename(self, morf):
if isinstance(morf, types.ModuleType):
if not hasattr(morf, '__file__'):
raise self.error, "Module has no __file__ attribute."
file = morf.__file__
else:
file = morf
return self.canonical_filename(file)
# analyze_morf(morf). Analyze the module or filename passed as
# the argument. If the source code can't be found, raise an error.
# Otherwise, return a pair of (1) the canonical filename of the
# source code for the module, and (2) a list of lines of statements
# in the source code.
def analyze_morf(self, morf):
if self.analysis_cache.has_key(morf):
return self.analysis_cache[morf]
filename = self.morf_filename(morf)
ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[1]
if ext == '.pyc':
if not os.path.exists(filename[0:-1]):
raise self.error, ("No source for compiled code '%s'."
% filename)
filename = filename[0:-1]
elif ext != '.py':
raise self.error, "File '%s' not Python source." % filename
source = open(filename, 'r')
import parser
tree = parser.suite(source.read()).totuple(1)
source.close()
statements = {}
self.find_statements(tree, statements)
lines = statements.keys()
lines.sort()
result = filename, lines
self.analysis_cache[morf] = result
return result
# find_statements(tree, dict). Find each statement in the parse
# tree and record the line on which the statement starts in the
# dictionary (by assigning it to 1).
#
# It works by walking the whole tree depth-first. Every time it
# comes across a statement (symbol.stmt -- this includes compound
# statements like 'if' and 'while') it calls find_statement, which
# descends the tree below the statement to find the first terminal
# token in that statement and record the lines on which that token
# was found.
#
# This algorithm may find some lines several times (because of the
# grammar production statement -> compound statement -> statement),
# but that doesn't matter because we record lines as the keys of the
# dictionary.
#
# See also [GDR 2001-12-04b, 3.2].
def find_statements(self, tree, dict):
import symbol, token
if token.ISNONTERMINAL(tree[0]):
for t in tree[1:]:
self.find_statements(t, dict)
if tree[0] == symbol.stmt:
self.find_statement(tree[1], dict)
elif (tree[0] == token.NAME
and tree[1] in ['elif', 'except', 'finally']):
dict[tree[2]] = 1
def find_statement(self, tree, dict):
import token
while token.ISNONTERMINAL(tree[0]):
tree = tree[1]
dict[tree[2]] = 1
# format_lines(statements, lines). Format a list of line numbers
# for printing by coalescing groups of lines as long as the lines
# represent consecutive statements. This will coalesce even if
# there are gaps between statements, so if statements =
# [1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14] and lines = [1,2,5,10,11,13,14] then
# format_lines will return "1-2, 5-11, 13-14".
def format_lines(self, statements, lines):
pairs = []
i = 0
j = 0
start = None
pairs = []
while i < len(statements) and j < len(lines):
if statements[i] == lines[j]:
if start == None:
start = lines[j]
end = lines[j]
j = j + 1
elif start:
pairs.append((start, end))
start = None
i = i + 1
if start:
pairs.append((start, end))
def stringify(pair):
start, end = pair
if start == end:
return "%d" % start
else:
return "%d-%d" % (start, end)
import string
return string.join(map(stringify, pairs), ", ")
def analysis(self, morf):
filename, statements = self.analyze_morf(morf)
self.canonicalize_filenames()
if not self.cexecuted.has_key(filename):
self.cexecuted[filename] = {}
missing = []
for line in statements:
if not self.cexecuted[filename].has_key(line):
missing.append(line)
return (filename, statements, missing,
self.format_lines(statements, missing))
def morf_name(self, morf):
if isinstance(morf, types.ModuleType):
return morf.__name__
else:
return os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(morf))[0]
def report(self, morfs, show_missing=1, ignore_errors=0):
if not isinstance(morfs, types.ListType):
morfs = [morfs]
max_name = max([5,] + map(len, map(self.morf_name, morfs)))
fmt_name = "%%- %ds " % max_name
fmt_err = fmt_name + "%s: %s"
header = fmt_name % "Name" + " Stmts Exec Cover"
fmt_coverage = fmt_name + "% 6d % 6d % 5d%%"
if show_missing:
header = header + " Missing"
fmt_coverage = fmt_coverage + " %s"
print header
print "-" * len(header)
total_statements = 0
total_executed = 0
for morf in morfs:
name = self.morf_name(morf)
try:
_, statements, missing, readable = self.analysis(morf)
n = len(statements)
m = n - len(missing)
if n > 0:
pc = 100.0 * m / n
else:
pc = 100.0
args = (name, n, m, pc)
if show_missing:
args = args + (readable,)
print fmt_coverage % args
total_statements = total_statements + n
total_executed = total_executed + m
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except:
if not ignore_errors:
type, msg = sys.exc_info()[0:2]
print fmt_err % (name, type, msg)
if len(morfs) > 1:
print "-" * len(header)
if total_statements > 0:
pc = 100.0 * total_executed / total_statements
else:
pc = 100.0
args = ("TOTAL", total_statements, total_executed, pc)
if show_missing:
args = args + ("",)
print fmt_coverage % args
# annotate(morfs, ignore_errors).
blank_re = re.compile("\\s*(#|$)")
else_re = re.compile("\\s*else\\s*:\\s*(#|$)")
def annotate(self, morfs, directory=None, ignore_errors=0):
for morf in morfs:
try:
filename, statements, missing, _ = self.analysis(morf)
source = open(filename, 'r')
if directory:
dest_file = os.path.join(directory,
os.path.basename(filename)
+ ',cover')
else:
dest_file = filename + ',cover'
dest = open(dest_file, 'w')
lineno = 0
i = 0
j = 0
covered = 1
while 1:
line = source.readline()
if line == '':
break
lineno = lineno + 1
while i < len(statements) and statements[i] < lineno:
i = i + 1
while j < len(missing) and missing[j] < lineno:
j = j + 1
if i < len(statements) and statements[i] == lineno:
covered = j >= len(missing) or missing[j] > lineno
if self.blank_re.match(line):
dest.write(' ')
elif self.else_re.match(line):
# Special logic for lines containing only
# 'else:'. See [GDR 2001-12-04b, 3.2].
if i >= len(statements) and j >= len(missing):
dest.write('! ')
elif i >= len(statements) or j >= len(missing):
dest.write('> ')
elif statements[i] == missing[j]:
dest.write('! ')
else:
dest.write('> ')
elif covered:
dest.write('> ')
else:
dest.write('! ')
dest.write(line)
source.close()
dest.close()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
raise
except:
if not ignore_errors:
raise
# Singleton object.
the_coverage = coverage()
# Module functions call methods in the singleton object.
def start(*args): return apply(the_coverage.start, args)
def stop(*args): return apply(the_coverage.stop, args)
def erase(*args): return apply(the_coverage.erase, args)
def analysis(*args): return apply(the_coverage.analysis, args)
def report(*args): return apply(the_coverage.report, args)
# Save coverage data when Python exits. (The atexit module wasn't
# introduced until Python 2.0, so use sys.exitfunc when it's not
# available.)
try:
import atexit
atexit.register(the_coverage.save)
except ImportError:
sys.exitfunc = the_coverage.save
# Command-line interface.
if __name__ == '__main__':
the_coverage.command_line()
# A. REFERENCES
#
# [GDR 2001-12-04a] "Statement coverage for Python"; Gareth Rees;
# Ravenbrook Limited; 2001-12-04;
# <http://www.garethrees.org/2001/12/04/python-coverage/>.
#
# [GDR 2001-12-04b] "Statement coverage for Python: design and
# analysis"; Gareth Rees; Ravenbrook Limited; 2001-12-04;
# <http://www.garethrees.org/2001/12/04/python-coverage/design.html>.
#
# [van Rossum 2001-07-20a] "Python Reference Manual (releae 2.1.1)";
# Guide van Rossum; 2001-07-20;
# <http://www.python.org/doc/2.1.1/ref/ref.html>.
#
# [van Rossum 2001-07-20b] "Python Library Reference"; Guido van Rossum;
# 2001-07-20; <http://www.python.org/doc/2.1.1/lib/lib.html>.
#
#
# B. DOCUMENT HISTORY
#
# 2001-12-04 GDR Created.
#
# 2001-12-06 GDR Added command-line interface and source code
# annotation.
#
# 2001-12-09 GDR Moved design and interface to separate documents.
#
# 2001-12-10 GDR Open cache file as binary on Windows. Allow
# simultaneous -e and -x, or -a and -r.
#
# 2001-12-12 GDR Added command-line help. Cache analysis so that it
# only needs to be done once when you specify -a and -r.
#
# 2001-12-13 GDR Improved speed while recording. Portable between
# Python 1.5.2 and 2.1.1.
#
# 2002-01-03 GDR Module-level functions work correctly.
#
# 2002-01-07 GDR Update sys.path when running a file with the -x option,
# so that it matches the value the program would get if it were run on
# its own.
#
#
# C. COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE
#
# Copyright 2001 Gareth Rees. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
# met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
# OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
# ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
# TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
# USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
# DAMAGE.
#
#
#
# $Id: //info.ravenbrook.com/user/gdr/www.garethrees.org/2001/12/04/python-coverage/coverage.py#8 $